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Old 20-11-2010, 10:47 AM   #12
ABHAY
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Post Re: "हिन्दू काल गणना"

भारतीय गणित के इतिहास का कालविभाजन

१) आदिकाल

(क) वैदिक काल (१००० ईसा पूर्व तक)

(ख) उत्तरवैदिक काल (१००० ईसापूर्व से ५०० ईसापूर्व तक)

शुल्व एवं वेदांग ज्योतिष काल

सूर्य प्रज्ञप्ति काल

२) पूर्वमध्य काल (५०० ईसापूर्व से ४०० ईसवी तक)

३) मध्यकाल या स्वर्नयुग (४०० ईसवी से १२०० ईसवी तक)

४) उत्तरमध्य काल ( १२०० ईसवी से १८०० ईसवी तक)

५) आधुनिक काल ( १८०० ईसवी के बाद)
गणित के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में भारत का योगदान
Some of the areas of mathematics studied in ancient and medieval India include the following:

आंकगणित : दाशमिक प्रणाली (Decimal system), ऋण संख्याएँ (Negative numbers) (see Brahmagupta), Zero (see Hindu-Arabic numeral system), Binary numeral system, the modern positional notation numeral system, Floating point numbers (see Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics), Number theory, Infinity (see Yajur Veda), Transfinite numbers, Irrational numbers (see Shulba Sutras)

भूमिति अर्थात भूमि मापन का शास्त्र : Square roots (see Bakhshali approximation), Cube roots (see Mahavira), Pythagorean triples (see Sulba Sutras; Baudhayana and Apastamba state the Pythagorean theorem without proof), Transformation (see Panini), Pascal's triangle (see Pingala)

बीजगणित: Quadratic equations (see Sulba Sutras, Aryabhata, and Brahmagupta), Cubic equations and Quartic equations (biquadratic equations) (see Mahavira and Bhāskara II)

गणितीय तर्कशास्त्र (लॉजिक): Formal grammars, formal language theory, the Panini-Backus form (see Panini), Recursion (see Panini)

सामान्य गणित: Fibonacci numbers (see Pingala), Earliest forms of Morse code (see Pingala), Logarithms, indices (see Jaina mathematics), Algorithms, Algorism (see Aryabhata and Brahmagupta)

त्रिकोणमिति: Trigonometric functions (see Surya Siddhanta and Aryabhata), Trigonometric series (see Madhava and Kerala school)
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